Crowd score
Formula: 100 − (this month's visits ÷ park's peak month visits) × 100. Each park scored against its own peak, not against other parks.
Source: NPS Visitor Use Statistics Data Package 2025, Recreation Visits (TRV), 5-year monthly mean (2021-2025). Reproduce these numbers on the NPS IRMA Stats portal.
Reading it: July at Yellowstone reads 0 (peak). November reads 97 (nearly empty). A 50 means about half the park's peak crowd.
Weather score
Formula: weatherScore = round(max(0, min(100, dayComfort − precipPenalty − snowPenalty − freezePenalty))). The piecewise day-comfort function is continuous at every boundary.
- Day comfort:
tmax < 50°F →
max(10, (tmax − 20) × 2) (cold tail);
50–60°F → 60 + (tmax − 50) × 4 (ramp to 100);
60–78°F → 100 (plateau);
78–85°F → 100 − (tmax − 78) × 5 (ramp to 65);
> 85°F → max(30, 65 − (tmax − 85) × 5) (hot tail).
- Precip penalty:
max(0, prcpIn − 1.5) × 8; kicks in above 1.5 in / month.
- Snow penalty:
snowIn × 2.5.
- Night-freeze penalty:
max(0, 32 − tmin) × 1.5 when tmin < 32°F.
Source: NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991-2020, station Yellowstone Park, Mammoth, WY (USC00489905, 6,194 ft).
Caveat: Mammoth is Yellowstone HQ at 6,194 ft. The northern-range districts (Lamar Valley, Tower) read close to these numbers. Old Faithful (7,365 ft) and Norris (7,484 ft) typically run 5-8°F colder; Yellowstone Lake (7,733 ft) and high passes colder still. Lake Yellowstone has its own NOAA station (USC00485345) at 7,892 ft if you need higher-elevation numbers.
Access score
Formula: For each named park road, count it open if its typical operating window covers that month. Score = round((sum of weights of open roads / sum of all weights) x 100). Where a park has a partial winter access mode, the profile documents that assumption in its access notes.
Route weights at Yellowstone:
- Interior roads (wheeled vehicles): Open mid-Apr → early Nov
- North Entrance (Gardiner, MT): Open year-round
- East Entrance / Sylvan Pass (Cody, WY): Closed Nov → May
- Beartooth Pass (US-212, Cooke City to Red Lodge): Open ~late May → mid-Oct
- Lodging: Seasonal · summer May-Oct, winter mid-Dec-mid-Mar
- Timed entry: Not in effect
Editorial methodology, the route weights themselves are author-curated, sourced from data/processed/operations/road_windows.csv and the park's own access caveats below the score table.
Caveat: The score reflects wheeled-vehicle road access only. Backcountry, hiking, lodging, shuttle, and other service availability are not directly included unless the park profile states otherwise.
Why no combined score?
A combined "best month" number forces a weighting: how much do you care about crowds vs. weather vs. access? Those weights are personal. A photographer optimizing for golden light weights differently than a parent locked to school break weights differently than a winter visitor with a 4WD. We show the inputs and let you decide. Use the per-month grid above to navigate to a deeper page.